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In the modern world with rising technology it has become every essential to know different languages. Oh, I am not talking about being bilingual; it’s about learning programming languages. Are you are thinking about why? Well, it is important because using pen and paper has become history now, everything is done on the computer and it has taken toll over traditional way of working. From autopilot in an aircraft to smartphones, everything runs on programming language. In a nutshell, we can say that, today, in order to store and access data, computers are necessary. 

This the reason, the communities of developers and programmers are emanating like before. There are various types of programming languages for different categories of developers. The categories can be defined as (beginners, experts and intermediate) and other than this; it includes mobile applications, web applications, game development etc.

However, when a person decide to become a developer or programmer, the first question banging the mind is what language will be beneficial to learn and what’s the best you can get out of it. 

So, here are the top 10 programming language you can learn in 2020:

1. Python

 This language aces the race of the top programming language in 2020, it is widely considered as the ideal programming language to learn as a beginner. It is fast, easy-to-use and an easy to work with programming language. If you are looking for the development of applications with python as programming language, YouTube, Pinterest, Instagram. This is a great programming language to start as a beginner. 

Pros

• It is easy to Create and use and the credit goes OOP characteristics
• Has Extensive library support
• It Focuses on code readability
• It has the ability to work  even the most complex applications
• It is best for building prototypes and testing out ideas quickly
• Open-source with an ever-growing community support
• It also supports many platforms and systems
• Easy to learn and use!

Cons

• It is not considered suitable for mobile computing
• Although, it is an interpreted programming language, it is slower in certain factors 
• The database access layer doesn’t seem up to the notch 
• Because of Global Interpreter Lock, threading isn’t good

2. Java

It is yet another programming language and is popular in big companies or organizations. It is majorly used to develop enterprises or business web applications. Java is considered as one of the stable programing language and many large businesses are trying hands on this. It is widely used in android app development and as we know having an android application is the need of every business. And if you are thinking about the benefits of leaning this language, let me tell there are lots of job as a programmer/developer in java and eventually you can have a great future ahead!

Pros

• Java has open-source libraries in abundant
• It supports Automatic memory allocation and garbage bin
• It Follows the OOP paradigm
• Java has stack allocation system
• Thanks to the JVM feature that it is a high degree of platform
• Highly secure due to the exclusion of explicit pointer and inclusion of a security manager responsible for defining the access of classes
• It is Ideal for distributed computing
• It offers a galore of APIs for accomplishing different tasks, such as database connection, networking, utilities, and XML parsing
• It Supports multithreading

Cons

• You will find absence of templates limits creating high-quality data structures
• It supports Expensive memory management
• It is considered Slow than other natively compiled programming languages, like that C and C++

3. C/C++

It is like poles and pillars of the programming. All operating system, file systems are written in C/C++ language, if you are intending to learn a system-level programmer, C/C++ can be the right choice for you. It is also used by programmers with competitive attitude to stand out as it is extremely fast and stable. It provides standard template library which is known as STL. It is one of the popular choices among high-frequency trading. 

Pros

• IN C++, there are abundant of compilers and libraries to work with.
• The C language allows easy accessing blocked or hidden objects by other programming languages 
• Both C&C++ offer Faster building of programs than other  programming languages 
• Both [C/C++] forms the basis for understanding more complex programming languages 
• It has language of choice for multi-device, multi-platform app development [C++]
• The language C offers an ideal degree of portability 
• Procedure-oriented language with a group of function modules and blocks. It makes debugging, testing, and maintaining the programs easier 
• The Programs in both C/C++ are more efficient and easy to understand Rich function.
• C/C++ runs close to the system hardware and it, offers a low level of abstraction 
• The language C++ support exception handling and function overloading 
• It has huge variety of domains in applications building, such as games and more.

Cons

• It has Complex syntax and doesn’t support program namespace 
• It is not capable of solving modern, real-world programming challenges and problems 
• C++ is considered less efficient object-oriented system compared to other object oriented program-based programming languages 
• It Needs to manually create the high-level constructs, which is problematic
• It allows 0 garbage collection or dynamic memory allocation and has no run-time checking 
• It is not considered as an easy choice for a beginner, you will need to gain expertise.
• Both C &C++ are stuck with the issue of buffering overflow and memory corruption.
• It supports only Smaller standard library

4. Java Script

It is basically used to develop design oriented applications; this is why it is also known as frontend programming language. If you are curious to know how it works, get to know it here, when you click the button after which a popup opens, it is made possible with Java Script. Moreover, these days many companies are using NodeJS which is a java script based application. if you are a creative person, this type of programming might be interesting to you!

Pros

• The java script runs frequently within the web browser as there is no compilation requirement and also the client-side of JavaScript is very fast. 
• It gives a premium interface to the website
• It is considered as highly versatile and it is a great programming language of the web
• It has reduced website server demand by virtue of being client-side
• You can get regular updates via the ECMA specification
• There are several add-ons, such as Grease monkey, for increasing the functionality
• It supports very Simple implementation
• Offering Plenty of resources and huge community support
• It is used for building a diverse range of applications
• JavaScript runs surprisingly well then other programming languages

Cons

• This language has absence of copy or equivalent method
• It dramatically allows only one inheritance
• Soon, as the code executes on the user machine, many people choose to disable JavaScript due to the fear of being exploited for a malicious intent
• It Might be interpreted differently by different browsers and this is one of the major drawback. 

5. Go programing language

 The word Go means Golang, it is a programming language originated by Google itself. It supports multithreading which makes it top-notch. It is used by companies relying heavily on distributing systems, Go is used in startups in Silicon Valley. However, it is not yet accepted by several other countries.

Pros

• It has strong Back by Google
• It is way more secure because of its statically-typed language 
• It is easy to learn because of its Cleaner syntax
• The inclusive standard library of Go offers a range of inbuilt functions for working with primitive types
• It is considered right for building single-page applications
• It has Smart documentation
• JavaScript is very fast because it is compiled to machine code

Cons

• It lacks a virtual machine which makes complex programs less easy
• It has Implicit interfaces
• JavaScript lacks versatility and is not suitable for multipurpose
• There is no GUI library
• It has underprivileged library support

6. R programming language

 This language is commonly used in programming languages for machine learning and data analysis. It assures best framework and built-in libraries to build strong machine learning algorithms. In general, it can be said that R is used for general stats computing as well as graphics. With time, many companies have adopted R programing language and it has a long way to go! And in the upcoming time, learning this language can be a fine option.

Pros

• It has the capability to run smoothly on different operations systems
• It has active mushrooming community
• As it is open-source and free, it has the ability to make tweaks as per the requirements
• It supports Comprehensive statistical analysis language
• Highly extensible
• It has strong package ecosystem

Cons

• The biggest drawback is that it lacks security functions
• There is no strict programming measures
• It has dull memory management
• The Quality of some packages is nearly below average

7. Swift

 This is considered one of the loved programming languages by the developers due to its clean and readable code. It is used to develop iOS applications. As we already know about the tough fight of Apple iPhone and Android in the marketplace. Therefore if you are looking to know better about this language, you can choose to learn this programming.

Pros

• It serves automatic memory management which ultimately prevents memory leaks
• It has a strong Back  by Apple
• It has better scalability allows easily adding functionalities to the product and/or bringing in additional developers
• In Swift it is easy to add new features
• This language encourages the developers/ programmer to write clean and readable code
• It is highly readable makes like syntax 
• Swift is  Interoperable with Objective-C
• It is possible to integrate Server-side Swift with any technology
• It makes code sharing better and development process faster when used for both frontend and backend development
• It is very fast as compared to other popular programming languages, such as Objective-C and Python

Cons

• The drawback with this is limited community support and resources
• On the other hand, it is not stable due to being a relatively new arrival on the programming scene
• It has no support for legacy projects and it can be used only for iOS7 or later apps

8. PHP

It is one of the most suitable for backend programming language. It has one of the strongest rivals of python and JavaScript. But the market lacks well skilled PHP developers. There are a number of organizations that work with PHP since a long time and it is one of the best languages to learn in 2020.

Pros 

• Apparently, it has set of powerful frameworks in abundance 
• It is very easy to get started for making web pages
• The PHP has top-notch debugging with Xdebug
• It has giant community support and a big ecosystem
• It supports lots of automatic tools for testing and building applications
• There is no scarcity of good automation tools for deployment and testing
• It supports object-oriented and functional programming paradigms 

Cons

• The websites developed by PHP is slower as compared to using other options
• It lacks in terms of security
• It has poor error handling
• Major drawback is it requires extensions to a greater extent.

9. C#

It is a programming language developed by Microsoft. The language C# is used for backend programming, building games, building windows mobile apps and other similar cases. Eventually, it is also known as a general-purpose programing language.

Pros

• It is much safer than C and C++ languages 
• It has the capability to work with shared codebases
• Supports automatic scalable and updateable
• Eventually, it is a component-oriented, object-oriented programming language which is easy to use
• It follows a syntax similar to the C programming language
• C# is fully integrated with the .net library
• It is optimal for all types of Windows development
• It has rich sets of library functions and data types
• C# supports type safety
• It has quick compilation and execution times in comparison to others.

Cons

• It runs the pointers in so called unsafe blocks
• This is the disadvantage that  almost all the variables are references and memory de-allocation is done using a garbage collector
• In comparison to C++, it offers less flexibility 
• It needs very slight effort and time to learn
• To resolve problems it will requires high-grade expertise and knowledge. 

10. MATLAB

 It is a statistical tool which is used by various industries for Data management and analysis. If we examine broadly, it can be noticed that it is used in processing industries and computer vision as well. It is moderate to learn and use.

Pros 

• The rich inbuilt library make it easy to develop scientific stimulation
• It is a  platform-independent language 
• It is the right platform to develop scientific research applications
• The functionality of MATLAB can be easily extended greatly by adding toolboxes
• It has high coding efficiency and productivity, this is because there is no need of  a compiler for execution
• The coder of MATLAB allows converting code for using in other programming languages, such as C++, Java, and Python

Cons

• It is not available for free and requires a license to make a purchase 
• It is comparatively slower as it is an interpreted programming language. 
• There is not much applications without the scope of numerical computing 
• To deal with problems and errors, high-grade expertise and knowledge is required.